Evolution of early Arabic calligraphy (9th–11th century). The Basmala is taken as an example, from Kufic Qur’ān manuscripts. Early 9th century script used no dots or diacritic marks; in the 9th–10th century during the Abbasid dynasty, Abu al-Aswad’s system used red dots with each arrangement or position indicating a different short vowel. Later, a second system of black dots was used to differentiate between letters...
NORTH AFRICA Algeria People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Area: 2,381,741 sq. km Agriculture is possible on the Mediterranean coast, in the Atlas Mountains and at oases; 80% is desert. Population: 37,367,226, Annual Growth: 1.92% Capital: Algiers Urbanites: 66.5% HDI Rank: 93 of 182 Peoples Peoples: 41(85% unreached) Official language: Arabic and Berber. French and English are widely used, and 25% speak one of the Berber...
WHY DO MUSLIMS SAY, “INSHA ALLAH”? Muslims believe everything in life is planned by Allah (God). Nothing happens unless Allah (God) wills it. Therefore, throughout the Muslim world, you will hear the Arabic phrase, lnsha Allah, “if Allah (God) wills,” on a daily basis for every situation of life. Sometimes it is used as polite way to say no. Many criticize this view as too fatalistic, leading to pessimism, complacency, and...
The Text of the Apology Nine hundred years ago, our forefathers carried the name of Jesus Christ in battle across the Middle East Fuelled by fear, greed, and hatred, they betrayed the name of Christ by conducting themselves in a manner contrary to his Wishes and character. The Crusaders lifted the banner of the cross above your people. By this act they corrupted its true...
MERIP: Christians in the Middle East Written by the Editors, Middle East Report July 25, 2013 [The following editorial is the introductory article in the current issue of Middle East Report, a quarterly publication of the Middle East Research and Information Project.] The problems of Christians in the Middle East are often not discussed forthrightly, either in the region or in writings about it. One...
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